ŷκ ۯ:
ī γ۰
Athol Fugard ̴ The Road to Mecca

׳       г*
Seeking for Meaning Unleashed from Sexual Dichotomy :
Athol Fugard's The Road to Mecca

I.
γڰ 뺯ϴ

[ī ](The Road to Mecca) 1980 ʹݿ شܿ
[Ϸ](Island) ǰ ѱ ˷ ī
۰ Athol Fugard ǰ̴. Fugard ڽ ̸鼭 θ
忡 ΰ Ҽ ε ߽ Ǿ īȭ
üϿ ſ йڰ ް ִ ټ ε
뺯Ͽ 50 60, ׸ 70 ʹݱ [](The Blood
Knot)(1961), [ǰ ](Boesman and Lena)(1969), [ ݽô
׾](Sizwi Bansi is Dead)(1972), [ε Ͽ ü ǥ
](Statements after an Arrest under the Immorality Act)(1972),
[Ϸ](Island)(1973) ǰ ī ȭ
ſ ɵ ְ ٷ ӵǰ ѵ Ȱ
ϱ⵵ , ϴ ü ۰(oppositional writer).
[ī ](The Road to Mecca) 1985 ǥ ǰε
ǰ Fugard ̹ ִ. ǰ
ڰ, װ͵ ڰ, ٰ ϱⰡ ︸ŭ  ڷμ ڽ
ϴ ϰ öϰ ߽ ǿ Ÿ
ھƼ  ü ſ ְ ٷ ִ.
ī ۰ Fugard ̸鼭 ,
̸鼭 ڽ ϰ, ſ ̰
۹ Ͽ [ī ] ̰ ̰ų ̺й
Ʋ  ð Ϸ ۰ ,
տ ۰ 캸ٵ, ѷϰ δٴ
켱 ϰ ʹ. Fugard ι Helen Elsa
ΰ , ι ɵ 60
20 Ĺ ϰ ΰ ᱹ ̸ ʿϿ
ΰ ظ غϰ θ ϰ ŷڸ ȸϰ Ǵ ϰ
ִ.  ڽ ƴ ڽ ϴ ι ι
ſ öϰ ְ ϰ ǥ ƴ ۰߸ ۰μ
ڽ ϰ ̸ ϴ Ǹ ۰
ƴѰ Ѵ.
׷ ǹ̿ "̺й κ ع" ȭη Athol Fugard
ǰ [ī ](The Road to Mecca) мϰ ؼѴٸ,
ð 㹰, ٰ̰ ð ľϰ
Ͽ, ߰ ӿ ǹ̸ Ҿ ڽ  ο ǹ̸
οϷ ι ü ϰ ϴµ ũ
Ǹ Ѵ. ̸ ۰ ǰ ̰
ϰ ִ ſ "̴" Ȯϰ
ְ DZ⸦ Ѵ. ƿ﷯ ñδ "̴ "̶ θ
Ϸ ǰ ۾ û ° ¿ ұϰ
ڰ " " "̸ Ÿ"
غ ϰ ִٴ ̹Ƿ Fugard [ī ]
̰ ؼ "̴ "̶ ȮϿ Ӱ ϴ
۾ DZ⸦ Ѵ.      

̺й 븳 :
; ع ; ° ; ׸ âǷ° ȸ

ǰ ſ "" ǰ̴. ⼭ ""̶ ǥ
̴ Ұ £ ǰ̶ 浵 ׺ٴ ǰ ü
Ⱑ Ϲ "ſ ϰ ϰ ε巴" ǹ̴. ׷ ̷
"̴" Ǵ "̴" ǥ ü ܼ Ѿ
츮 ̺й Ʋ ӿ ξ ϴ 찡 ʴ. 츮
Ӽ() Ӽ ̺й () Ͽ
" ̰ ϸ, ϰ, ϰ,
ε巯 "̶ Ѵ. ̴̶ ü, ó ()
(ҳ) ̺й Ͽ ȭϰ ư
ϴ, μ ܳ
̹Ƿ Ӽ ̺й Ʋ ȿ ִٰ ִ.
ʱ ̴ϽƮ ٸ Ӽ ϰ ̰
ٰų μ
ʰ ̺й Ʋ ӿ ̸  ߴٴ ޾ƿԴ.
̴ ̷а Ƹڷ Ʋ ٺ
ϰ Ƿ ̴ Ʋ Ʋ
޶ Ѵٰ ϰ ϴ ȭ (episodic structure)
μ ִ. ׷ ̱ ۰ Marsha Norman 'night
Mother Beth Henley Crimes of the Heart ǰ
Ʋ ״ ϸ鼭 ̴ ſ ȿ
ǥس ִٴ 򰡸 ް ִ. ̿ 1980 ʹݿ Beth Henley
Marsha Norman ̾ ǽó ޾ ̱ 4ݼ⸸ ó  
󸶺κп ǽó ۰ ϰ Ǿ. ̷
̷ ̴ ̳ İ ̰ ش
̴  ũ  ſ Ҹ̰
̶ ȴ.
Ӹ ƴ϶ Ǵ 鿡 ̴ Ұ ſ £
ǰ, ǰ̶ , ̸׸ ̱ ۰
David Mamet Oleanna ۰ Harold Pinter A Kind of Alaska,
Ǵ Alan Ayckbourn A Woman in Mind ǰ, ̴
ֿ Ѵٸ ̺й Ʋӿ θ ݽ ڽ
þ߸ ϴ ϴ ̴.
Fugard ǰ ī ȭ ġ Ȳ ȭ ũ     
ñ ̴. ռ п ߴ ǰ
ַ 50뿡 70 ʹݱ ñ⿡ ʱǰμ  ȸ̸
ġ 縦 ٷ鼭 źп ϴ ü
ǰ̴. (Nationalist government)  70 Ĺݰ
80뿡 ǰδ A Lesson from Aloes, Master Harold ... and the
Boys, A Place with the Pigs, ׸ The Road to Mecca ִ. ׸
1985 1987 3⵿ ī ȭ л
Ͽ 50,000̻ ڵ ġ ⸦ ,  
Ȱ ϴ αǿ ڽ (Nelson Mandela) Ǿ
ɿ 缱Ǵ ġ ݵ⸦ ޴´.  Fugard ֱ  My Children!
My Africa! (1989) Playland(1992) ǰ 2 ǥѴ. ̵
ı ǰ̶ Ѵٸ ı ǰ ʱ ǰ Ȯ ٸ
ش. , īȭ ġ Ȳ ũ ޶鼭 ̿
Fugard ǰ迡 ū ȭ Ÿ ȴٰ ִ. ı
ǰ Jeanne Colleran ȭ(reconciliation) (coalition)̶  
ܾ ϸ鼭 ϰ ִ:  

Effecting reconciliation: such has been the subject of Athol Fugard's
writing during the past decade and by extension its political project. His
most recent drama reflects, as his work has always done, a moment in South
African history: the crucial present moment of apartheid's dismantling, of the
political process currently underway which seeks reconciliation and attempts
coalition even as it allows for the continued enfranchisement of the white
minority. (Colleran p. 389)
 
Athol Fugard [ī ±](The Road to Mecca) ΰ Helen
׳ ģ Elsa ſ ѷ ڱ ιμ
ٷ ڽ â ɷ һ ƴ϶ ٺ
̸ ȸκ ҿܵǰ ư
ģ ̰ų ȸ ذ Ǵ ̴ ι ֵǾ ô޴
ܷο(?) ι̴.
ǰ ο Ʈ ٿ Miss Helen ۰ ε ֵ  
  New Bethesda Helen Martins ι 𵨷 Ͽ
.  ̻ ⿡ ܶ þ
Helen ģ ڷ ϰ ſ ߴ. ׳
(the almost feudal world) Ҹŭ ſ New
Bethesda ϴ Ʋ ſ ũ 
̾ ̴. Fugard ι Helen
ֺο ׳డ 50 Ǵ ؿ ڱ Ͽ
15 16⵿ ſ ޴޷ û ǰ
Դµ ׳డ ڻ ϱ 18 ǰ
Ȱ ߴٰ Ѵ.  ؼ Helen ڽ
غϰ Elsa 迡 ΰ ŷڸ ȸν ſ
ḻ ° Ǵµ ι Helen ڻν
ḻ ô´ٴ ذ ٸٴ Ÿ
̷϶ ؾұ?  ƴϸ ۰ ǹ ̴ ǿ ǹ̸
οϷ ȯ ḻ ̲ ̶ ƾ
ұ?
Fugard Helen ױ 18 ׳ ģ, Cape Town
social worker ϴ, ׳డ Helen Բ dz
ް Helen 𵨷 ǰ ϰ Ǿٴ ̴.
ؼ Fugard "I was struck by her because she was very strong, a very
remarkable person with a strong social conscience, a strong sense of what South
Africa was about, a strong outrage at what was wrong with it."̶ ۰
Ʈ ϰ ִ. ǰӿ Elsa ſ ̰ ȸ
̸ ǰ б
¡質 ĸ ⿡ ó ÿ γ Ͽ ӽ ϰ
ڿ 鼭 𸣰 ӽ ް ص Ż
翡 ſ ü µ ϴ ι̴.
Helen Elsa ϰ ִ: "Light is a miracle, Miss
Barlow, which even the most ordinary human being can make happen." (22)
ڽ  ǹ̺ο Ϸ ι , Ư Helen
Ÿ. ſ ¡ Ǿ
ĥ배 įį Ҽӿ ȥ ִ ص ̰ ǹ ڽ
 ǹ̸ οϷ Helen к Ѽ õ
ǥǾִ.

 Helen ǰ Ҽӿ Ģ øƮ 鿡 ҰϿ
ġ Ѵ. кҿ ϳ ٿ  
Ƶ ʰ Ÿ ϸ Helen Mecca
źο 巯. ǰ Mecca ܼ ̽
Mecca ǹϴ ؼϴ ̺й Ʋӿ ǰ
־ Ϸ ϰ õ Ѵ. ⼭
Mecca Helen ִ ̸ New Bethesda ¡ϴ ſ
ǰ ȭ ⵶ȭ ܼ ʿϿ Helen ڽ ǰ
߱ϴ ο ǹ̸ Ÿ ſ ¡
̴.
ǰ Ǵ New Bethesda South Africa ̸
ž༺ ̴. ǰӿ    Ư ǹ̸
غҴ.
Fugard New Bethesda 15 Middelburg
۰ ڽſԵ Ư ǹ̰ ִ ̱⵵ ϰ ģ
忡 ް Ͽ ġ Fugard
"Driving to my friend's farm  I was struck by its isolation and thought to myself,
hell, this would be quite a nice place to have a house to escape from the city if ever
I felt like getting away from the world."(p.VII) Ѵ. ÷
ָ ذ ̰ ſ δٴ Fugard ް
Port Elizabeth ǵ 濡 New Bethesda 鷯 ѷ ̰
ſ δٴ Ȯϰ Ŀ ̰
ٽ 鷶ٰ Helen Martins "̻" ڿ ˰ ȴ. ׷Ƿ ۰
FugardԴ ̰ New Bethesda  Helen ˰ DZ
⽺κ ŻϿ ѵ ⿡ ſ ˸ ó
Ұߴ 𸥴. ׷ Helen̶ ι ˰ ǰ ׳ฦ 𵨷
Ͽ ǰ ԵǸ鼭  ž༺ Bethesda  ̸
ǹ̷ Ͽ New Bethesda ̸ ״  븳
ܳ ó ġִ ִ ϳ ο Bethesdaμ
¡ ϰ ȴ.
Bethesda ÿ ſ ̰ ϸ ȸ Ʋ
ǹѴ. 긮 Bethesda ̸ ž༺ ϸ 췽
ִ (cf. John 5:2-4)μ  ñ⿡ õ簡 ϴÿ ӿ
Ƿ ̴µ   ӿ  ̵
ϰ ȴٰ Ͼ ׻ ȯڵ ִ ټ
ఢ(porticoes)ȿ ġ ־.

Ѻ 5 4 18 :
 4 ̴ õ簡 (at certain seasons) ϰ ϴµ Ŀ 
ڴ  ɷȵ ̷
 5 ű ȳ ڰ ִ
 6 ð ƽð ̸õ װ ϴ
 7 ڰ ϵ ֿ ־ ȿ ٸ
̴
 8 Ͼ ڸ ɾ Ͻô
 9 Ƽ ڸ ɾ϶
    Ƚ̴
10 ε ̸ Ƚε װ ڸ ƴϴ϶
11 ϵ װ ڸ ɾ ϴ
12 ʴ ڸ ɾ ϵ
13 ħ װ ϴ ̴ ű Ƿ ̹
ϼ̶
14 Ŀ ̸õ װ   ʰ
ٽô ˸ ġ Ͻô
15 ε鿡 ڱ⸦ ģ ̴ ϴ϶
16 ׷Ƿ ȽϿ ̷ ϽŴ Ͽ ε ̹ϰ
17 񿡰 ̸õ ƹ Ͻô Ѵ Ͻø
18 ε ̸ Ͽ ̰ ϴ ̴ Ƚϸ ƴ϶
ϳ ڱ ģƹ Ͽ ڱ⸦ ϳ԰ ̷.

ó Ѻ ǰ ִ ٴζ  ε ִ ൿ
ſ ̸ ̺й Ʋӿ ſ Ǿ
ִ. 'ȽϿ ƹ ϵ ؼ ȵȴ. ȯ
־ ȵǰ ڸ ɾ ȵȴ.' ϴ
뼺̶ ε鵵 ġ ִٴ
Bethesda 츮 ð ſ ɰ
ȴ. 濡 "at certain seasons" ָϰ Ǿ ־
𸣰 
ĥ ִٴ ȵǴ ̴. ȯڵ ġ
µ ϰ ǰ ƴϸ
ʴ. ԰ Ǵ
պ ȯڰ Կ ġ ϴ 츮
Ǽ 󺸴 Bethesda ֺ 縮
Ѵ. ׸ Jerusalem Bethesda ȯ
鿩 ʰ ׳ ؼ ̷ ε
Ÿϰ ִٰ ؼ Ѵ.
׷ ٸ ǰ New Bethesda ̸
üͰ ؿ Ͼ   ſ Ÿ ְ
ִٰ ȴ. ׷Ƿ New Bethesda Mecca ſ ̺й ̴.
׷ ڰ ۰ Fugard marius, Helen, ׸ Elsa
ι鰣 ﰢ  Ű鼭 ̺й ƴ ſ پ
̰ ν ̳ ڷ Ͽ ̺й
 پ ϰ ľϵ ϰ ִٰ
ִ.
1 ݺο Helen Elsa λ ̿ ɸ
ִ. ɸ ̶ ص ſ ̹
̿ Ͼ ִ ̴. Helen Elsa ȮϰԴ
濡  ɰ ϰ ڽ ̳
濡 巯 鼭 ³ ִ
ij Ѵ. ̵ ڽ 뿡
̶  ij ϴ ʴ´.
Helen Elsa Elsa "Open your arms and catch
me! I'm going to jump!"(76) ̰ ɸ غϰ
ΰ ŷڸ ȸϰ ǹǷ λ 2
ʰ ӵȴٴ ִ. ֵ   Elsa ڽ
David ̸ ӽߴٰ Helen ٰ
ƿ μ ϱ ̴.
ϸ Marius簡 ϸ鼭 Helen Elsa 2
Helen  ΰ Elsa Marius ϴ
 ٲ ȴ.
Helen Elsa ׳ ǥϰ ִ:

Everything is ending and I am alone in the dark. There is no light left.   
          I would rather do away with myself than carry on like this. (29)

1 Marius簡 ϴµ װ Ͽ θ 縦
ϸ  1 .

MARIUS: Miss Helen! Alone in the dark? I didn't think anybody was home.
    Elsa appears from the kitchen.
    Ah, Miss Barlow! (39)

Ҽӿ Ȧ ִ Miss Helen ϱ Ȧ Ÿ Marius
ġ Miss Barlow ڸ ̴. Helen
κ Ͽ ο(Sunshine Home) ϰ ȣ(?)Ϸ
Marius ǵ Elsa ϴ ſ Ŀٶ ֿ ϰ ȴ.
׷Ƿ ù ù(ݰ Ǵ 밨) "Miss Helen! Alone in the dark?"   
"Ah, Miss Barlow!"(Ȥ) ٸ  
ǥǾ Ѵ.
2 Ժο Marius ϴ ڿ äҿ Elsa
۽ ſ Ȳ Marius ڽ Ȥ ߱ Ͽ
ѷ ̱⵵ ϴ. Marius ϱ
Elsa Marius Ϻ 𼱼ó ٱ
о ȱ ġ  ġϴ о ̶
ִ.  Marius ؼ  Helen  ڽ 'we" ǥ Բ Elsa
"we"ʹ ٸ 迡 ι ϴٰ ᱹ
Helen ڽ 谡 ٸ ϰ μ о
ӿ йϿ 뿡 ȴ. ̷ ɸ
ü , , ۼ ſ иϰ ǥǾ Ѵ.
׷  鰣 ȣۿ(interaction) ٸ, ̴ ޸
ٲپ ؼ ǰؼ Ǿ ʰ Ⱑ ٴ
ȴ. ׷  ͼ ʴ Ѻƾ ϴ
忡 ſ ū ̴. ⵿ £ ǰ     
ǰ Ź 忡
ֱⰡ ſ 뽺 찡 Ҵ.
縦 ְ ޴ 鿡   ι 뿡
簡 ٰ Ѵٸ ° ؾ
λ ȭ ʴô ϵ ִ λ
ȭ   ̴ ̴. װ ׷ Ⱑ
ϵ Ⱑ ϴ ̴. ٽ ϸ 簡
찡 簡 ִ ʰ  Ӿ ⸦ ϵ
ؾ ſ ߿ ӹ ϳ̴. ׷ ǹ̿ £ ־ ǰ
鿡 Ǿų Ⱑ ȵǰ ִ κ ʹ Ƽ
ƽ.
2 Helen " ?"(Who are you?)(59) Elsa
Elsa Helen ۺξ 簡
Ƴ ʴ´. Elsa Helen Ǽ
ƴ϶ ڻϱ ȭ ƴϳĸ ̿ ׺
ִٰ ż Helen ģ. ó
ۺξ Helen ó Ӹ ƴ϶ Elsa ڽ
ġ Ŀٶ ó ˸鼭 Elsa
ų ó ϴ Ѵ. Elsa ׷
Helen ϴ Helen ִٱ ٴ Elsa ִٰ
̴. ڽ ִٰ
Helen ƴ϶ ٷ Elsa ڽ̸ ص    ׸
ϰ Ȯ ų ½ پ 浿
Helen ƴ϶ Elsa ڽ̾ ϴµ ϰԵ Helen
ٷ ڽŰ ʹ Ȳ ˰ ǰ ׷ Ȳӿ
ʹ   ƿ﷯ г ¥ ȴ.
׷Ƿ г ¥ Helen ͸ ƴϰ Elsa ڽ
° ܳ ̶ Ŵ.
Elsa ׷ ɸ¸ ϴ HelenԴ
ڽſ ó ſ ش̰ א ۽ ̴
Elsa ڱ ̹ ó 翬ϴ. ׷Ƿ
ڱ⵵ 𸣰 Ҿ Elsa ", ?" ȴ.
½ Elsa ſ Ȳ Ѵ. ̸ "The
question devastates Elsa."(59) ǥϰ ִ. ⿡ Ƹ
pause ϴ. ׷Ƿ Marius ڽ   縦 ʹ ġ
ϸ û ȿ ׾  ȴ.
̿ ſ 2 Marius ϰ Elsa
Helen Marius簡 μ ƴ϶ ڷμ Helen ϰ
ִٰ ϰ ϴ İ ŵ
ϴİ ´. Elsa ׷ Helen ʹ ư
ġ Ŀ ϴ ͵ ǰ ݻ ؼ ߸ϴ
ְ ʹ  ٷ ϸ ǹ̳ ߿伺
ġ ȴ.

Athol Fugard [ī ](The Road to Mecca) Helen
Elsa ۵Ǿ ϳ ذǾ
ؼҵǴ . ɰ
λ ο ̻ ư ϰ ǥ ǹ̵
Ҿä տ ٰ ĥ배 ִ.
Elsa ӽ "ڽ ׿" Ʊ ڱ
۽ο ְ Helen Ǽ к ߸ ٶ Ŀư پµ
ϰ ϴ ұ游 ϰ ־ٴ ȥڼ ڽ
ٷ ɷ  ٴ ޾ ڽ ǻʹ ϰ ݰ(?)
ο ó ֱ ̴.
׷ Ȯϰ ڸ ̷
߱ȴٱ ٴ  ڽŰ, ڱ ڽſ ŷ, ׸ ο  
ŷڸ Ҿȱ ܳ ̶ Ǵ. ۰ Fugard Elsa
Helen ȣ ҽ غϰ Ҿ ŷڸ ȸس鼭
ڽŵ ֿ ٽ ¥ߴ 뽺 ſ ϰ
ϰ ִ.  
ħ 翡 ִ Helen Եȴ.
Helen ſ Ȥ ̴. ȿ ηִ ǵ ġ
ϴ ſ λ꽺 մ鼭 Žǰ Žǿ ٸ
ϴ ü ش.

. . . and from time to time directs her attention to the living room and a
door leading from it to the rest of the house.(2)

뺸 Elsa ۽ Ÿ ٶ ׳ฦ ƹ غ Ǿ
ʾƼ Helen ¿ 𸣰  մ⸸ Ѵ. ׳ Elsa
߾ ʹ . ȿ ӿ ڱ Ҵ
ó η ־ ϴٸ Elsa ϵ
߰ ͱ ̴. Helen Elsa Ѻ . Helen
ڽ ɰ Elsa ſ ɰ  
˾ Helen Elsa ڱ ſ ɽ Elsa
ijѴ.

HELEN: It was so strange. Almost as if you didn't really see me or anything
at first . . . didn't want to. And so cross! I've never seen you like that before.
(6)

Elsa ׷ Helen Ѵ.

ELSA : This isn't quite like the other times, Miss Helen. (6)

׷ Helen ſ ϰ ϰ ߱ Ѵ.

HELEN : That's a pity. They were all good time. (Pause) So what sort of
time is this going to be? A bad one?  (6)

Elsa ⼭ ٽ Helen ߱ 鼭 ̹ ȭ
ڽ ƴ Helen õѴ.
ELSA (Evenly) : I hope not. Doesn't have to be. It depends on you.
Miss Helen avoids Elsa's eyes. The young woman looks around the room.(6)

Helen ̷ Elsa ſ ȸ Helen
Ʋ ʾ Ѵ.

ELSA : . . . But you're right. I hadn't really arrived until now.
HELEN : Where were you, Elsie?
ELSA (She thinks about the question before answering) : Way back at the
turnoff to the village from the National Road . . . or maybe a few miles
further along it now . . . walking to Cradock. (7)

Elsa ⼭ ". . . walking to Cradock."̶ ġ ڱ ڽ
Cradock  縷 Ȱ ִ°ó ϰ 縷
Ȱ ־ٴ Helen ƴ ٸ ڴ. ׳ Elsa Helen
Cape Town New Bethesda 10ð̻ ɸ ڵ
濡 쿬 ڴ. Elsa ¿ ۿ ȵ
Ʊ⸦    ä 󰡵 Ȳ 縷
ɾ ִ Elsa ī ڸ ߰ϰ
¿ش. ڴ ϲ ϴ Ʊ Բ
忡 iܳ  ϱ ģô ãư ٰ̾ Ѵ.
׳ Ŷ ƽ ٱ ϳ̾.
ʴʴ ӷ ٱ ӿ ä ׳ ǹ߷ ͹͹
縷 ɾ ִ ̾. Elsa ִ ˴ о
׳࿡ ְ New Bethesda  ó ׳ Ʊ⸦
ش. ؼ ͹͹ ɾ ׳ ̰
ڵ 鼭 鼭 Elsa û å .
ؿ Elsa ó 뿡 ϴ ׳ฦ  
ϰ ٴϸ ʴ ̹ Ʊ⸦  , ذ
鼭 򸮴 縷 Ȱϰ ϰ Ѱ
, 80̻ ׳ Cradock
͹͹ ɾ ī ޸̴. Elsa װ
Ĺ ſ ̹. ׷ Helen ؼ Elsa
ǥ ִ ڿ Ʊ⿡ ׳
Ӹӿ ʱ ̴.
2 ͼ Helen "Then think about the baby, Elsa."(72) Elsa
𸣰 ﴩ ִ Ͷ߸.

What the hell do you think I've been doing? Do you think I don't care?
That baby could have been mine, Helen! (72)

׵ ߰ ߴ ڱ⵵ 𸣰 Թ
ݰ Elsa Ѹ ȲѴ. ׷ ̳ ϰ  
׵ Helen о ߴ κб ڽ ˴
о´.  

(Pause. Then a decision) I may as well vomit it all out tonight. Two weeks after
David left me I discovered I was pregnant. I had an abortion.
I put an abrupt and violent end to the first real consequence my life has ever had.
(72)

Elsa γ David ڿ Ͽ ڽ Է
ǵư⸦ ϴ ׿ ̸ ӽϰ ˰ Ǿ
DavidԴ ˸ ä ȥ Ʊ⸦  ϱ
û Ű , ׸ ش ڱ Elsa
 ް ־ 巯. ELSA: . . . I asked her who she was.
She said: "My English name is Patience." (73) Elsa ڱ
浿 ٴ ̴. ׷? ElsaԴ Ʊ⸦ 
Ȳ 縷 ͹͹ ɾ ī   Patience Elsa
ڽ ֱ ̴.

ELSA: . . . I hated her, I hated the baby, I hated you for dragging me all the
way up here. . . and most of all I hated myself. That baby is mine, Helen.
Patience is my sister, you are our mother. . . and I still feel fucking
lonely(73)

⼭ 츮 Elsa Patience Elsa ڽŰ Ͻϰ Patience Ʊ⸦
ڽ "׿" ڽ Ʊ ϰ и ִ.  
1 Helen "Be patient with me, Elsie. Remember the little saying:
"Patience is a virtue, virtue is a grace, and--" ڱ īӰ "For
God's sake, Helen! Just leave me alone for a few minutes!"(3) ġ Ű
θ͵ Helen Patience ̸ ڸ ߱
̾ 츮 ˰ ȴ.

Elsa: It's my turn to be jealous.
Helen: Of what?
Elsa (With a helpless gesture): Everything. You and him . . . and, stupid as
it may sound, I feel fucking lonely as well. (71)

Elsa: . . . A lift to where, for God's sake? There's no Mecca waiting for her
at the end of that road, Helen. Just the rest of her life, and there won't be
any glitter on that. The sooner she knows what the score really is the
better. (72)

HELEN: Then don't be so cruel to us. There were times tonight when I
hardly recognized you. Why were you doing it?
ELSA: I wanted to punish us.
HELEN: For what? What have we done to deserve that?
ELSA: I've already told you. For being old, for being black, for being born .
. . for being twenty-eight years old and trusting enough to jump. For our
stupid helplessness. (73)

⼭ 츮 Elsa ƴ϶ ſ  
ǹ̰ Ȯǰ ִ ִ.

ǰ ۰ ð, Ǵ ð, Ǵ ̰ Ϲ
ð Marius ι Ÿٰ ȴ.
׷ ٸ ̴ ؿ ι ޸ ؿ
߽ ð 뺯ϴ ι Marius ΰ鿡
ι ƴϴ.   Beth Henley Crimes of the Heart ǰ
Ѵٸ Babe Zachery ̰ ι̶ ϱ
ٴ ڸ  Ҿƹ ι ƴұ ʹ.
Marius ǰӿ ̰ ٰ ϰ ־
ܼȭϿ ǥϱⰡ ι̴. ⿡ Elsa Helen
ִ ι̰ ̿ 븳 忡
ð ٶ󺸵 ι Mariusε ⵵ ϳ ׿ʹ
ݴ밡 ƴѰ Ѵ. Marius ̰ Ϲݰ
忡 ϰ ִ ſ ո̰ ̼ ι̶
ȴ. ̸ Marius Byleveld װ ȸ ,
ǥ̳ ¡ϰ Ѵ. Ư ̽ϰ Ŀٶ , ,
׸ 丶並 ָ ͼ " Helen ո翡
äҹ پµ ׳డ øƮ ǰ ո翡
ٶ ѻѸ ƴ ." ϸ鼭 ϴ ֽ ڿ
ÿ ϰ ϴ ش. ׷Ƿ װ ϴ
Marius ϴ Ѹ Ѹ ܾ ΰ Helen Ӹ
ƴ϶ 鿡Ե Ѵ. κп Marius
ϱ װ 巯 ʾ ϰ ̽ʳⰣ̶
μ ƴ϶ ڷμ  ܼ ƴ϶
ڷμ Helen ſ ϰ ־ٴ ˰ Ǹ
츮 ſ ū Ȱش. ״ Elsa Mecca ᱹ Ѵ.
׷ ڽ پ Դ 踦 ϰ Elsa 踦 볳Ͽ
׳ Բ Mecca ο ϱ⿡ ڽ ʹ ľ
Ѵ. ׷Ƿ ǰ Marius ι װ ޴ ɸ
Ϸ ̺й ܼ ƴ ſ ٰ ð ʿ
ִ.

Marius Helen ̰ Ͽ ū ̰
ұϰ ŵ, ڿ ڷμ ΰ
̿ Elsa Helen ΰ 40
̿ ұϰ ſ ģ踦 ϰ
ִ.
Elsa ڽŰ ٸ ְ Helen ü ϸ
Helen ڽ  Ѵ. Elsa
Ѵ. Helen ǰ ǥ(an expression of freedom (61)̸
Helen̾߸ ׳డ ó ο ȥ (I met the
first truly free spirit I have ever known. (61) Ѵ.
̿ Marius ǹ(61) ߿ . ׿ Helen ٺ
質 κΰ, Ǵ ⵶ ϳ԰ ŵ; ŵ
谡 ִ . Marius
ϼ ̾߱⸦ ʹ Ϲ ȥڼ
ϰ 濡 ̾߱ ȸ شٴ ̴. ״ Helen
ǰ鿡 ϸ鼭 "nightmare, idolatry, an idle whim, grotesque     
(65)" ǥ .
Marius óϴ ſ IJϰ ġ ϴ. (The
way he handles everything, carefully and precisely, reveals a meticulous and
orderly mind. . . .) (49) Helen ο Կ û
ϴ Marius IJ Ʋӿ
޿ ִµ ش. ü Helen ƹ(,
Helen þƹ) middle name Johannes̵ Jacobus̰ װ Helen
ο ִٴ ϱ ƴ.
Helen λ (the date of your
confirmation) ¥ ϰ . Marius ε ߿
ʴٰ (It's not all that important, of course,)ϸ鼭 ¥ ˾Ƴ
Ȯϰ ִ Ͽ ̸ (but it would have been nice
to have had that date as well.) ſ Ȯϰ ִ
û ߿ ൿѴ.
MARIUS : . . . try to show some respect for her age. Helen is much older
woman than you. You were shouting at her as if she were a child.  
ELSA : Me, treating her like a child? Oh my God! You can stand there
and accuse me of that after I've just seen and heard from you? (55-56)
뺻 48 ϴܺ 51 ܱ 캸
(48-51) Marius ȥڼ ̾߱⸦ Ͽ Helen Ϸ ܴ
԰ ̾߱⸦ Ͽ Ȥ Ѵ.
ޱߴ Helen ⸦ "Marius . . . please . . . please can I talk for
a little bit now?" ϸ鼭 Marius ϴ ڽ Ϸ
Ծ ٸ Ϸ ־ Marius տ ڽ ǻ縦
ǥϴ Ѵ. (51-54)
Marius ѵ ֽ ٹ Helen ûϷ ״
׷ µ ׸ ϰ ٽ Helen
׳ฦ ϱ Ѵ.
Marius ο ⸦ Helen ϴ ƹ
û ϴ Helen ϴ ̾
Ѵٰ Ѵ. ״ 츮(our side) Helen ο ϴ
װ Helen ϴ ּ ̱ ̸ ⵶μ
ɻ ׳డ  ǵ ʰ ׳ ٰ Helen
Ѵ.
̿ Helen ڱ⸦ Ϸ һ ƹ
ڽſ ʴ´ٸ 15⵿ ʹ û
ع ׳డ  ڶ鼭 ˴ ܼϰ
ʹ ٸ Ǿ Ȱ 鵵 Բ ڶ ģ
ƴ϶ 𸣴 Ǿ ȴٰ ׺Ѵ.
̿ Marius Helen ó ó ɰϰ
ϰ ܷӴٸ ̰ ⸦ ׷ ϰ ϴ
ٰ Ѵ.
Elsa Marius ¡Ǵ ó ش 븳ǰ Ǵ
̶ Helen ſ ȥ. ܼȭϿ ϱ
ظ ̺й ڸ Helen
Marius Elsa̱ ̴. ħ Helen Marius տ
ο Կ û ؽ ӿ  "Why don't
you stop me, Elsa! I'm going to sign it!" ¢´.  
Helen ᱹ ο Կ û ϱ⸦ źϰ Ȱ
Ȱ ߰ڴٰ ϴ ǹ ߿ϴ ΰ迡 
ڽ μ å ϰ Ӱ ü ڴٴ
ִ ̶ ִ.
Marius Helen, ׸ Elsa   ι ̰ ﰢ ſ
̰ پ ȭ Ÿ鼭 ȿ ǥ
ִ.  Colleran ̿ ϰ ִ:

The movement of the play proceeds in a manner recognizably Fugard's:
the structure is the triadic quasi-juridical format familiar from Road to
Mecca, Lesson from Aloes, and others, in which the audience is compelled to
assess the conflicting political positions of the three-character drama. The
triadic arrangement serves both to install and complicate dichotomous
postures; the characters fluctuate between adversarial, interrogative, and
conciliatory roles; none are stable or stationary. (Colleran p.395.)

۰ ̴ :
  ̰ ü ȯ

University of Washington а Sarah Bryant-Bertail  
ڿ ڸϿ ߴ:
". . . you seem to have put aside your role as a "man" and performed your
role as a teacher and human being.  I know that you really understand
what many men who learn something of feminism do not understand:  
which is that to put women in an inferior position and to yourself take the
superior position, is in reality also diminishing you as a human being.  (as
John Stuart Mill said, it is not good for the men themselves to believe and
be treated as if they are naturally superior, that they have a right to
dominate women, and that the world revolves around them.  Not only is it
terrible for the women but also for the men and for the human race.  All
are diminished under a system of oppression."  

ڿԴ ͹Ͼ и ī ̸鼭
ε 뺯ϴ ǰ Ἥ ı ǰ
The Road to Mecca ̸鼭 ۰ ̴ ̶
ɸŭ öϰ 뺯ϴ ó ǰ Athol
Fugard װ ǰ The Road to Mecca ñ ǵϴ ٸ
ϴµ "He seems to have put aside his role as a "man" and performed
his role as a playwright and human being."̶ ǥ ǥ
޸ ϴ.
ǰӿ (motifs) ̺й ̷
Ÿ. ׷ ̷ ̺й ̳
츮 ִ ǹ̰ 鼭  յǴ ȴ.  
, , Ű ΰ, , ڿ, ⵶ ̽,
ŷڿ ҽ, , ΰ ΰ, ڿ ,
ȸ ؿ ־ 켱 ⿡ ſ
ϴٴ ڼ 鿩 ̷ Helen,
Marius, ׸ Elsa ι鰣 Ͽ ſ
ϰ ȭ ̷ η ϱ
ϳ ḻ Ǵ ϵǴ ȴ. ǥ
ḻκп Helen к ϳ 鼭 ϴ
̸:
"I was wrong to think I could banish darkness, Elsa. Just as I taught myself
how to light candles, and what that means, I must teach myself now how to
blow them out . . . and what that means. (She attempts a brave smile) The
last phrase of my apprenticeship . . . and if I can get through it, I'll be a
master!"(75)

ΰ غϱ ٴ ޷ Ҿ Բ ư
Ѵٴ ֵ Helen ħ Ұ , ̺й
Ͽ Ұ ָ ϰ  õ
Ұ ݰ Ұ ׳   ȵ
߿ Ϻκ νϰ ̸ Ͽ ׳ ϼϴ ⸦ ϰ
Ǿٰ Ѵ.

 

                         ο
  <PLAYS>
Fugard, Athol, The Road to Mecca, Theatre Communication Group, Inc., New
York, 1985.

  <ARTICLES>

Foucault, Michel, The Subject and Power, in Art After Modernism, ed. Brian
Wallis, New York, 1984, pp.417-32.

Colleran, Jeanne, Athol Fugard and the Problematics of the Liberal Critique,
Modern Drama Volume 38 Number 3, Fall 1995, pp.389-407.

  <BOOKS>
Bigsby, C.W.E., A Critical Introduction to Twentieth-Century Drama, Volume
Three Beyond Broadway, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1985.

Bock, Hedwig and Wertheim, Albert (ed.), Essays on Contemporary Drama,
Max Hueber Verlag, M nchen, 1984. pp.207-223.

Keyssar, Helene, Feminist Theatre, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., London, 1984.

Tong, Rosemarie, Feminist Thoughts, Westview Press, Inc., Boulder & San
Francisco, 1989.

Trudeau, Lawrence J. (ed.), Drama Criticism, Volume 4, Gale Research Inc.,
Detroit, 1994, pp.338-343.                                      
 

Seeking for Meaning
Unleashed from Sexual Dichotomy :
 Athol Fugard's  The Road to Mecca

   
<Abstract>                                              Ryu, Yung-kyun        
Athol Fugard's play The Road to Mecca is a feminist play written by a
white male playwright of South Africa in the sense that the playwright
Fugard attempts to dismantle sexual dichotomy based on the logic of
binary opposition still very much prevalent in our daily life. And he
further attempts to look at the basic condition of human life in a
multi-faceted and multi-dimensional points of view.
In order to achieve such laudable and yet seemingly impossible aim, he
seems to have put aside his role as a "man," and that, as a white man in
the Republic of South Africa, and tries in this play very hard to perform
his role as a liberalist playwright and human being.
Jeanne Colleran explains in her essay Athol Fugard and the
Problematics of the Liberal Critique such seemingly "drastic" change in
Fugard's later works as follows:

Unlike other South African texts, such as Nadine Gordimer's July People
where former masters exchange positions, politically and socially, with their
former servants, Fugard's play does not invert existing power structures or
suggest radical re-configurations. Instead, in the best liberal fashion, with
faith in the future and belief in ethical behavior, it portrays apartheid and
its effects as a curable dis-ease of the spirit, and so Playland is indeed a
"healing play" -- for some. (Colleran pp.402-403.)

Perhaps, Fugard finds that those themes of binary opposition abundant
in his early plays are no longer pertinent to South African society and
tries to seek reconciliation and coalition by attempting to see the reality
in some multilateral and multifaceted points of view since the reality of
South Africa is no longer the same as that of the past.