The Noh Drama of Japan

The rare beauty of Noh theater

Noh & Kyogen Theatre of Japan
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Found about 599 web pages for Zeami
Zeami Motokiyo's Noh Drama Text #1 [Matsukaze]

Text #2 -- Matsukaze by Kanze Kiyotsugu Kan'ami, Revised by Kanze Motokiyo Zeami/
Translated by Royall Tyler
http://www.drama21c.net/class/japan/matsukaze2.htm

ENGLISH NOH1  http://www.iijnet.or.jp/NOH-KYOGEN/english/english.html

 

NOH MASK EXHIBITION  http://www.enncorp.co.jp/Exhibit/noh/home.html

Noh Dancing http://linus.socs.uts.edu.au/~don/pubs/noh.html

Greek Tragedy and Japanese Noh Drama  http://www.academon.com/lib/paper/25715.html

 

Noh Masks & Facial Expression Perception

 

 

[³ë]µå¶ó¸¶¿¡¼­ÀÇ Ú¸:
The Rare Beauty of Noh Theater     Guest Essay by Pablo Ventura (¿µ¾î¿ø¹®)

The rare beauty of Noh theater   
(
http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/groups/richter/people/riedl/Noh.html)

(http://srd.yahoo.com/goo/Zeami/2/*http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/groups/richter/people/riedl/Noh.html)

¹ø¿ª : ·ù¿µ±Õ (¼­¿ï½Ã¸³´ëÇб³ ¿µ¹®Çаú ±³¼ö)

[³ë] µå¶ó¸¶´Â ¿ø·¡ ¾ß¿Ü¿¡¼­ °ø¿¬ÇÏ´ø Á¶ÀâÇÑ ¿©Èï¿¡ ºÒ°úÇß´ø °ÍÀ» 14¼¼±â¿Í 15¼¼±â¿¡ Kan`ami Kiyotsugu¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾Æµé Zeami°¡  À̸¦  ¸Å¿ì ¼¼·ÃµÇ°í ¾ç½ÄÈ­µÈ ÇüÅ·Π´Ùµë¾î ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®°¡ º¸´Â [³ë] µå¶ó¸¶--½Ç³»ÀÇ ºó ¹«´ëÀ§¿¡¼­ ÆîÃÄÁö´Â ºñ±ØÀû ȯ»ó (a predominantly tragic drama of illusion played upon an empty stage)--À¸·Î ¿Ï¼ºÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.

Zeami Motokiyo´Â ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¼ÎÀͽºÇǾî¶ó°í ÇØµµ °ú¾ðÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ Àι°ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ÀÛǰµéÀ» ½á¼­ [³ë] µå¶ó¸¶ÀÇ ¹ßÀü¿¡ Å©°Ô ±â¿©¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

À½¾Ç, Ãã, ´ë»ç, °¡¸é, ±×¸®°í ¸Å¿ì È­·ÁÇÏ°í ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ÀÇ»óÀÌ ¾î¿ì·¯Áö´Â [³ë] µå¶ó¸¶´Â ´À¸° ÅÛÆ÷¿Í ¸Å¿ì Á¤ÀûÀÎ ¹«´ë ÀåÄ¡·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© Çö´ëÀÇ °ü°´¿¡°Ô´Â ¸Å¿ì Áö°ã°Ô ´À²¸Áú ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª [³ë] µå¶ó¸¶ÀÇ Àǹ̴ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌó·³ ½Ã´ëÀû °æÇâÀ» ¿ªÇàÇÏ´Â µíÇÑ ´À¸° ÅÛÆ÷¿Í ´ÜÁ¶·Î¿ò¿¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. [³ë] µå¶ó¸¶¿¡¼­´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ ³Ê¹«µµ ´À¸®°Ô Èê·¯ ½Ã°£ÀÇ È帧ÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ´À²¸ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸á·Îµð°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾øÀÌ ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â À½¾Ç, Á¶¸íº¯È­°¡ ¾ø´Â ´ÜÀÏÇÑ ¹«´ëÀåÄ¡, »ó¡ÀûÀÎ µ¿ÀÛ°ú Ãã µîÀÌ [³ë] µå¶ó¸¶¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¸¶¼úÀûÀÌ°í °¨µ¿ÀûÀÎ ¼ø°£À» ÀھƳ»°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¿äÀεéÀÌ´Ù.  [³ë] µå¶ó¸¶´Â ¸Å¿ì ¿À·£ ÀüÅëÀ» Áö´Ñ ¿¹¼ú·Î¼­ ÁַΠ¦»ç¶ûÀ̳ª ¸Å¿ì Ãß»óÀûÀÌ°í ¾Ö¸ÅÇÑ À¯·ÉÀ̾߱âµîÀ» ¼ÒÀç·Î Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í µµÀÚ±â, ´Ùµµ, ²É²ÈÀÌ µî°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡µµ ¸Å¿ì Àϰü¼ºÀÖ°í Áø½ÇµÇ¸ç  ¼¶¼¼ÇÏ°í ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ñ ¿¹¼úÇüÅ·ΠÀϺ» »çȸ¿¡ ±»°ÇÈ÷ ÀÚ¸®Àâ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Îµµ °¡Àå ¼¼·ÃµÈ ¿¬±Ø ¿¹¼úÀÇ ÇÑ ÇüÅ·μ­ ÀÎÁ¤À» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¿¹¸¦ µé¾î [³ë] µå¶ó¸¶¿¡¼­´Â "¾Æ¸§´ä´Ù"¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ Áö´Ò ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç  ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àǹ̵éÀ» Æ÷ÂøÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö  ¿ë¾îµéÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

Just as an example; there exists in Noh theater various degrees of beauty and names just to capture all possible registers of the term "beautiful".

[³ë] ¿¬±ØÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ¼³¸íÇϰí Çö´ëÀÇ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¿µÇâ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí [³ë]°¡ »ì¾Æ³²À» ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ºÐ¼®Çϱâ À§ÇØ ´ÙÀ½ Àü¹®°¡µéÀÇ ¼³¸íÀ» ÀοëÇÏ¿´´Ù.

" [³ë]ÀÇ ¸¶¼úÀûÀÎ ¸Å·ÂÀº ½Ã°¢ÀûÀÎ °Í¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. [³ë] À½¾Ç¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¸®µëÀÇ ¿ï¸², À¯´Ï¼ÛÀ¸·Î ºÎ¸£´Â ÄÚ¶ó½ºÀÇ ³ë·¡´Â Á¾±³ÀûÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ È²È¦°¨À» ÀھƳ»¸é¼­ °ü°´ÀÇ ÀǽÄÀ» Çö½Ç¿¡¼­ ºÐ¸®½ÃŲ´Ù. [³ë]¸¦ ½Ã°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î¸¸ º»´Ù¸é [³ë]¸¦ Á¦´ë·Î °æÇèÇÏÁö ¸øÇѼÀÀÌ´Ù. Çö½Ç °¨°¢À» Á×À̰í ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À½¾Ç¼Ó¿¡ Ç®¾î³õ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ¸¶À½ÀÇ ´«À» ¶ß°í È¥À» ºÙÀâ°Ô µÇ¾î ´«¿¡ º¸ÀÌÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ [³ë]°¡ »ì¾Æ ºû³ª´Â °ÍÀ» üÇèÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù."

* "....The magic quality of Noh is not only visual. The reverberations of the rhythms that hold the magic of Noh music and the feeling of rapture we might even call religious brought on by the unison singing of the chorus serve to separate the consciousness of the audience from reality. When a person´s encounter with Noh is limited to the visual he cannot really experience Noh. Only by a dimming of the consciousness of reality and the releasing of the self into music is the mind´s eye opened and the soul grasped ; then the true Noh, hitherto invisible, comes alive, shining."

"¹«´ë¿¡ ¼­±â Á÷Àü¿¡ ¹è¿ì´Â °Å¿ï¾Õ¿¡ ¾É¾Æ °Å¿ï¿¡ ºñÄ¡´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ¸¶ÁÖ º¸¸ç °¡¸éÀ» ¾´´Ù. °¡¸é¿¡ ³­ Á¶±×¸¸ ´«±¸¸ÛÀ» ÅëÇØ °Å¿ï¿¡ ºñÄ£ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ¶Õ¾îÁ®¶ó ÃÄ´Ùº¸´À¶ó¸é ±×¿¡°Ô´Â ¾î¶² ÀÇÁö, »õ·Î¿î À̹ÌÁö°¡ »ý°Ü³­´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× À̹ÌÁö´Â ¹è¿ìÀÇ ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ ³»Àû Àھƿ¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ¿© Á¾³»¿¡´Â ¹è¿ìÀÇ ÀÚ¾Æ¿Í ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î À̹ÌÁö°¡ ¼­·Î¸¦ Èí¼öÇÏ¿© ÀÌ µÎ ÀھƸ¦ ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ´Â ´ÜÀÏÇÑ Á¸Àç°¡ µÈ´Ù.
"....Just before going onstage the shite sits before a mirror facing his own reflected image and puts on the mask. As he gazes intently through the tiny pupil eyeholes at the figure in the mirror, a kind of willpower is born, and the image -another self that is an other- begins to approach the actor´s everyday internal self, and eventually the self and this other absorb one another to become a single existence trascending self and other. This too we might call magic by will power: the functions of mirror and mask merge as a spirit is incarnated and the self transformed by the magic of strenghened autosuggestion. When the time comes to go onstage, he fixes in his mind the stage as the mirror and himself as the image and then devotes himself completely to the magic of performance, which is meant to be shared with the audience and its group mind."

"Zeami´Â±×ÀÇ ¹Ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ»óÀ» "hana"¿¡¼­ º¸´Ù º¹ÇÕÀûÀÌ°í ½É¿ÀÇÑ "yugen"À¸·Î ¹Ù²ã°£´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡¼­ °íÀüÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÇÑ »ç½ÇÀûÀÌ°í ¿ÜÇüÀûÀÎ [³ë] ÀÛǰ¿¡¼­ ³»ÀûÀÎ [³ë]·Î, °ü°´À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ [³ë]¿¡¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â [³ë]·Î ÀüȯÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¿¬±ØÀûÀ̸ç Çö»óÀûÀÎ °ø¿¬¿¡¼­ ²ÞÀÇ ¼¼°è¶ó´Â Çö»óÀûÀÎ °ø¿¬À¸·Î ¹æÇâÀüȯÀ» ÇÑ ZeamiÀÇ º¯È­¿Í ¿¬°üµÈ´Ù°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
".....Zeami eventually went on to transfer his ideal of beauty from "hana" to the more complex and profound of "yúgen".... In the mind of Zeami , who crowned the titles of his teatrises on aesthetics with the characters for hana while he tried to express the beauty of Noh with the word yúgen, there was a great change and perhaps we can see this in his works in his shift from realistic pieces to those based on the classics, from external to internal, from Noh aimed at an audience to Noh directed at himself . And this is conected to Zeami´s change of direction from dramatic phenomenal pieces to the phenomenal pieces of a dreamworld.

"ÀÌ µÎ°¡Áö¸¦ ´ëÁ¶ÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù¸é "hana"´Â ¿ÜÀûÀÌ¸ç »ó¡ÀûÀÌ¸ç º¸¿©Áö´Â ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿òÀε¥ ¹ÝÇØ¼­ "yugen"Àº ´À³¦À¸·Î ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿òÀ̶ó°í ÇϰڴÙ. ±×·¡¼­ [³ë]¸¦ °ü¶÷ÇÏ´Â µµÁß¿¡ °ü°´Àº ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿òÀ» º¸´Âµ¥¼­ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿òÀ» ´À³¢°Ô µÇ´Â ÀǽÄÀÇ ÀüȯÀ» °Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù. "yugen"ÀÇ Àǹ̴ ÇÑÀھ º¸¸é Àß ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 'yu"´Â È帴ÇÏ´Ù, ħħÇÏ´Ù, ¾îµÓ´Ù, ±í´Ù, °í¿äÇÏ´Ù, ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ´Ù¸¥ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¿Â °Í °°´Ù´Â ¶æÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç yúshi (deep contemplation), yúhei (confinement), and yúkon (spirits of the dead) µîÀÇ ´Ü¾î¿¡¼­ ã¾Æ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. "gen"Àº subtle, profound, darkÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ¼¼»óÀ» ¶æÇÏ´Â ¸»À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. genó (inmeasurable depht), genshu (subtle beauty), and gensi (profound mistery or esoteric truth)µîÀÇ ´Ü¾î¿¡¼­ ã¾Æ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ÀÌ µÎ ±ÛÀÚ¸¦ ÇÕÄ£ "Yúgen" À̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î´Â Çö½Ç°ú ºÐ¸®µÈ ½É¿ÀÇÔ ¶Ç´Â ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ Çö»óÀ̶õ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿òÀ̶õ ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¾î¶² ¼Ó¼ºÀ» Áö³à ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»Áö´Â ¸ð¸£³ª ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ÆÄ¾ÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ½ÅºñÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ °¡¼³À» ³»Æ÷Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
If we contrast these two inseparable concepts we will have both hana: exterior symbolic beauty, beauty seen, and yugen: subconsciouss beauty, beauty felt and responded to, and there can be seen a change of consciousness from beauty that one is made to see to beauty that one is made to feel..... The meaning of "yúgen" can be explored by looking at the meaning of the chinese characters used to write the word. Yú means hazy, dim, dark, deep, quiet, otherwordly, and is found on such words as yúshi (deep contemplation), yúhei (confinement), and yúkon (spirits of the dead). Gen means subtle, profound, or dark and it is also a name for the other world. It is seen in the in words genó (inmeasurable depht), genshu (subtle beauty), and gensi (profound mistery or esoteric truth). Yúgen, the combination of these two characters expresses profoundity and evanescence detached from reality and indicates a mistical state in which beauty is but a premise, something of an unknowable nature."

* Kunio Komparu

The Noh Theater

Principles and Perspectives

Published by John Weatherhill, Inc.

Pablo Ventura

(Choreographer)

http://www.home.ch/~spaw1167/

ventura@span.ch

Zurich 16th of September 1998

Matsukaze

14¼¼±â¿¡¼­ 16¼¼±â »çÀÌ¿¡ ¼î±ºÀÇ ÈÄ¿ø°ú ¹è·Á·Î [³ë] µå¶ó¸¶°¡ Å©°Ô À¶¼ºÇÏ¿´´Ù.
1375³â°æ¿¡ ¼î±ºÀÌ Kanze Kiyotsugu Kanami (1333-1384)¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾Æµé Kanze Motokiyo Zeami(1363-1444)ÀÇ Àû±Ø ÈÄ¿øÇϸ鼭 ±×µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®°¡ º¸´Â [³ë]°¡ ¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. Zeami´Â [³ë]ÀÇ ¹ÌÀû ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ¿ä¾àÇÑ ¼¼ÆíÀÇ ±ÛÀ» ½èÀ¸¸ç ¸¹Àº [³ë] ÀÛǰµéÀ» ½á¼­ [³ë]ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀûÀÎ ¾ç½ÄÀ» È®¸³Çϴµ¥ ±â¿©ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

[³ë]¿¡ °¡Àå Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ÁØ °ÍÀº ¹°·Ð ¼±ºÒ±³´Ù. Zeami´Â ¼±ºÒ±³ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿òÀº ¾Ï½Ã, ´Ü¼ø¼º, ¹Ì¹¦ÇÔ°ú ÀýÁ¦¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â´Ù°í °á·ÐÁö¾ú´Ù. À̰°Àº ZeamiÀÇ À̷аú ¿¬±ØÀû ½Çõ ´öºÐ¿¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ [³ë]´Â ¾î¶² °ú°ÅÀÇ »ç°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È¸»óÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© °¨Á¤Àû »óųª ºÐÀ§±â¸¦ ÀھƳ½´Ù. [³ë]´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î À̾߱âstorytellingÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¾²¿©Áø ´ëº»Àº ¼­±¸Àû ±âÁØÀ¸·Î º¼ ¶§ ¸Å¿ì ª´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °ø¿¬Àº µÎ ½Ã°£ ¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌ»ó °É¸°´Ù.

[³ë]´Â ´Ù¼¸°¡Áö À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î ³ª´¶´Ù. ½Åµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̾߱â, ¹«»çµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̾߱â, ¿©Àڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ À̾߱â, ¹ÌÄ£ »ç¶÷µéÀ̳ª ±Í½Åµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̾߱â, ±×¸®°í ¾Ç¸¶µé°ú ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ Á¸Àçµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̾߱âµéÀÌ´Ù.

[³ë]¿¡¼­ÀÇ µîÀåÀι°Àº ¸î ¸í ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ÁÖÀΰøÀÎ sita,  ±×¸®°í Á¶¿ªÀÎ waki°¡ ÀÖ°í ÀÌµé °¢°¢¿¡°Ô´Â tsure¶ó°í ºÒ¸®¿ì´Â ÇѵθíÀÇ ½ÃÁ¾µéÀÌ µû¸¥´Ù. ¸ðµç ¹è¿ìµéÀº ³²ÀÚµéÀÌ´Ù. ÀÇ»óÀº ¼ö¼¼±âÀüÀÇ ÀüÅëÀÇ»óÀ» º»µý °ÍÀ¸·Î µðÀÚÀÎÀ̳ª »ö»óÀÌ ¸Å¿ì È­·ÁÇÏ´Ù.

Sita¿Í ±×ÀÇ ½ÃÁ¾µéÀº »öÄ¥ÇÑ ³ª¹« °¡¸éÀ» ¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¹«´ë´Â ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Å¿ì Á¤ÇüÈ­µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. µÎ °³ÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¿¬±âÁö¿ªÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. butai¶ó´Â Á߽ɿ¬±â Áö¿ª°ú hashigakari¶ó´Â ´Ù¸®°¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ´Ù. µÚÂÊÀÇ °Ç¹°°ú ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °Ç¹°°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ÁöºØÀÌ ¾º¿©Á® ÀÖ´Ù. ¹«´ë ÁöºØÀº ³×°³ÀÇ ±âµÕÀÌ ¹ÞÄ¡°í Àִµ¥ °¢°¢ À̸§°ú ¾ºÀÓ»õ°¡ ´Ù¸£´Ù. ´Ù¸® ¾Õ¿¡´Â ¼¼±×·çÀÇ ¼Ò³ª¹«°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÌ ÇÏ´Ã, ¶¥, »ç¶÷À» »ó¡ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Ç»çµéµÚÂÊÀÇ º®¿¡´Â ¼Ò³ª¹« Çѱ׷ç¿Í ´ë³ª¹«°¡ ±×·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¿Ü ¹«´ëÀåÄ¡´Â ÀüÇô ¾ø´Â ºó¹«´ë´Ù.
¹«´ë ¼ÒǰµéÀº ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÑ °Íµé·Î¼­ ´ë³ª¹«·Î ¸¸µç Á¶±×¸¸ ±¸Á¶¹°µéÀÌ´Ù. À̵éÀº °æ¿ì¿¡ µû¶ó¼­´Â Áý, »ê, ¼ö·¹, ¹è µîÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ºÎä´Â °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¼ÒǰÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ù¶÷, ¹°°á, ´ÞÀÌ ¶ß°Å³ª, ºñ°¡ ³»¸®´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»±âµµ ÇÏ°í ±×¿Ü ¸Å¿ì ¹Ì¹¦ÇÏ°í ¼¶¼¼ÇÑ °¨Á¤µéÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇϴµ¥ ¾²ÀδÙ.

Matsukaze¿¡¼­ º¸µí [³ë]´Â ¼­¾çÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿¬±ØÀûÀÎ È¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àǹ®À» °®°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. [³ë]¿¡¼­´Â À̾߱âÀÇ Àü°³, Àι°ÀÇ ¼º°Ý, ±ØÀûÇൿÀÌ ÀüÇô Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ±ØÀû °¥µîº¸´Ù´Â ºÐÀ§±â ¶Ç´Â °¨Á¤ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.

[³ë]ÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀº introduction, development, climax µîÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾î »ìÆì º¸¸é À½¾ÇÀÇ ±¸¼º°ú ¸Å¿ì À¯»çÇÏ´Ù.

Distancing the spectator

Imagery is very important moon is a symbol of Buddhist enlightenment

Matsukaze means wind in the pines and Murasame means autumn rain.

Zeami Motokiyo (1363-1443)
This son of the No playwright Kan'ami wrote No (or Noh) plays as well as a treatise on No drama.

Artistry of Aeschylus & Zeami;...Study of Greek Tragedy & Noh
Noh Plays of Zeami (in Japanese, audio cassette)
On the Art of the No Drama: The Major Treatises of Zeami
Zeami and His Theories of Noh Drama
Zeami in Exile, by Harry Guest
Zeami's Style: The Noh Plays of Zeami Motokiyo (hardcover)
Zeami's Style: The Noh Plays of Zeami Motokiyo (paperback)
Zeami's Talks on Sarugaku: Annotated Trans. of the Sarugaku Dangi